The Crystal Shard 5. Someday Free Essays

Bruenor strolled up the rough incline with estimated steps, his boots finding similar solid footings he generally utilized when he rose to the high purpose of the southern finish of the dwarven valley. To the individuals of Ten-Towns, who regularly observed the smaller person standing reflectively on the roost, this high section of stones in the rough edge that lined the valley had come to be known as Bruenor’s Climb. Just underneath the diminutive person, toward the west, were the lights of Termalaine, and past them the dull waters of Maer Dualdon, spotted once in a while by the running lights of an angling vessel whose undaunted group obstinately would not come aground until they had handled a knucklehead. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Crystal Shard 5. Sometime in the future or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now The diminutive person was well over the tundra floor and the least of the innumerable stars that shone the night. The divine vault appeared to be cleaned by the chill breeze that had blown since dusk, and Bruenor felt as if he had gotten away from the obligations of earth. In this spot he discovered his fantasies, and ever they returned him to his old home. Mithril Hall, home of his dads and their’s before them, where streams of the sparkling metal ran rich and profound and the mallets of dwarven smiths rang out in applause to Moradin and Dumathoin. Bruenor was just an unbearded kid when his kin had dove excessively profound into the insides of the world and had been driven out by the dim things in dull gaps. He was presently the oldest enduring individual from his little group and the just one among them who had seen the fortunes of Mithril Hall. They had made their home in the rough valley between the two northernmost of the three lakes well before any people, other than the brutes, had come to Icewind Dale. They were a poor leftover of what had once been a flourishing dwarven society, a band of displaced people beaten and broken by the loss of their country and legacy. They kept on lessening in numbers, their older folks kicking the bucket as a lot of bitterness as mature age. In spite of the fact that the mining under the fields of the area was acceptable, the dwarves appeared to be bound to blur away into insensibility. At the point when Ten-Towns had jumped up, however, the karma of the dwarves rose significantly. Their valley was only north of Bryn Shander, as near the rule city as any of the angling towns, and the people, frequently warring with one another and fending off intruders, were glad to exchange for the superb protection and weapons that the dwarves produced. Be that as it may, even with the improvement of their lives, Bruenor, especially, ached to recoup the old wonder of his predecessors. He saw the appearance of Ten-Towns as an impermanent remain from a difficult that would not be settled until Mithril Hall had been recuperated and reestablished. â€Å"A cold night for so high a roost, great friend,† came a call from behind. The diminutive person pivoted to confront Drizzt Do’Urden, however he understood that the drow would be undetectable against the dark background of Kelvin’s Cairn. From this vantage point, the mountain was the main outline that broke the featureless line of the northern skyline. It had been so named on the grounds that it took after a hill of deliberately heaped stones; savage legend guaranteed that it really filled in as a grave. Surely the valley where the dwarves now made their home didn't take after any regular milestone. Toward each path the tundra moved on, level and earthen. In any case, the valley had just scanty patches of earth sprinkled in among broken rocks and dividers of strong stone. It, and the mountain on its northern fringe, were the main highlights in all of Icewind Dale with any mentionable amounts of rock, as though they had been lost by some god in the most punctual long periods of creation. Drizzt noticed the coated look of his friend’s eyes. â€Å"You look for the sights that lone your memory can see,† he stated, very much aware of the dwarf’s fixation on his antiquated country. â€Å"A sight I’ll see again!† Bruenor demanded. â€Å"We’ll arrive, elf.† â€Å"We don't have the foggiest idea about the way.† â€Å"Roads can be found,† said Bruenor. â€Å"But not until ye search for them.† â€Å"Someday, my friend,† Drizzt humored. In the couple of years that he and Bruenor had been companions, the diminutive person had continually goaded Drizzt about going with him on his experience to discover Mithril Hall. Drizzt thought the thought stupid, for nobody that he had ever spoken with had even an idea concerning the area of the old dwarven home, and Bruenor could just recall disconnected pictures of the shimmering lobbies. All things considered, the drow was touchy to his friend’s most profound want, and he generally addressed Bruenor’s requests with the guarantee of â€Å"someday.† â€Å"We have progressively earnest business at the moment,† Drizzt reminded Bruenor. Prior that day, in a gathering in the dwarven lobbies, the drow had nitty gritty his discoveries to the dwarves. â€Å"Yer sure they’ll be comin’ then?† Bruenor asked now. â€Å"Their charge will shake the stones of Kelvin’s Cairn,† Drizzt answered as he left the murkiness of the mountain’s outline and joined his companion. â€Å"And if Ten-Towns doesn't stand joined against them, the individuals are doomed.† Bruenor subsided into a squat and turned his eyes toward the south, around the removed lights of Bryn Shander. â€Å"They’ll not, the difficult fools,† he mumbled. â€Å"They may, if your kin went to them.† â€Å"No,† snarled the smaller person. â€Å"We’ll battle adjacent to them on the off chance that they decide to stand together, an’ feel sorry for then to the savages! Go to them, if ye wish, an’ good karma to ye, yet nothing o’ the dwarves. Let us see what coarseness an’ guts the fisherfolk can muster.† Drizzt grinned at the incongruity of Bruenor’s refusal. Them two knew well that the drow was not trusted, not even straightforwardly invited, in any of the towns other than Lonelywood, where their companion Regis was representative. Bruenor denoted the drow’s look, and it tormented him as it tormented Drizzt, however the mythical being unemotionally imagined something else. â€Å"They owe ye more than they’ll ever know,† Bruenor expressed straight, turning a thoughtful eye on his companion. â€Å"They owe me nothing.† Bruenor shook his head. â€Å"Why do ye care?† he snarled. â€Å"Ever yer watchin’ over the society that show ye no decent will. What do ye owe to them?† Drizzt shrugged, unable to discover an answer. Bruenor was correct. When the drow had first resulted in these present circumstances land, the one in particular who had indicated him any companionship whatsoever was Regis. He regularly accompanied and secured the halfling through the perilous first legs of the excursion from Lonelywood, around the open tundra north of Maer Dualdon and down toward Bryn Shander, when Regis went to the rule city for business or chamber gatherings. They had really met on one such trek: Regis attempted to escape from Drizzt in light of the fact that he’d heard horrible bits of gossip about him. Fortunately for them two, Regis was a halfling who was typically ready to keep a receptive outlook about individuals and make his own decisions concerning their character. It wasn’t well before the two were quick companions. In any case, right up 'til the present time, Regis and the dwarves were the main ones in the territory who considered the drow a companion. â€Å"I don't have the foggiest idea why I care,† Drizzt addressed genuinely. His eyes turned around to his antiquated country, where dedication was simply a gadget to increase a favorable position over a typical adversary. â€Å"Perhaps I care since I endeavor to be not quite the same as my people,† he stated, as a lot to himself as to Bruenor. â€Å"Perhaps I care since I am not the same as my kin. I might be progressively likened to the races of the surface†¦that is my expectation at any rate. I care since I need to think about something. You are not all that unique, Bruenor Battlehammer. We care in case our own lives be empty.† Bruenor positioned an inquisitive eye. â€Å"You can deny your affections for the individuals of Ten-Towns to me, however not to yourself.† â€Å"Bah!† Bruenor grunted. â€Å"Sure that I care for them! My people need the trade!† â€Å"Stubborn,† Drizzt murmured, grinning purposely. â€Å"And Catti-brie?† he squeezed. â€Å"What of the human young lady who was stranded in the strike those years back on Termalaine? The starving stray that you took in and brought up as your own child.† Bruenor was happy that the front of night offered some security from his noteworthy become flushed. â€Å"She lives with you still, however even you would need to concede that she can return to her own sort. Might it be, maybe, that you care for her, blunt dwarf?† â€Å"Aw, shut yer mouth,† Bruenor protested. â€Å"She’s a servin’ vixen and makes my life somewhat simpler, yet don’t ye go gettin’ sappy about her!† â€Å"Stubborn,† Drizzt repeated all the more noisily this time. He had one more card to play in this conversation. â€Å"What of myself, at that point? Dwarves are not excessively enamored with the light mythical beings, not to mention the drow. How would you legitimize the fellowship you have demonstrated me? I don't have anything to offer you consequently however my own kinship. For what reason do you care?† â€Å"Ye bring me news when†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bruenor held back, mindful that Drizzt had cornered him. In any case, the drow didn’t press the issue any further. So the companions watched peacefully as the lights of Bryn Shander went down, individually. In spite of his outward insensitivity, Bruenor acknowledged how obvious a portion of the drow’s allegations had rung; he had come to think about the individuals who had chosen the banks of the three lakes. â€Å"What do ye intend to do then?† the smaller person asked finally. â€Å"I intend to caution them,† Drizzt answered. â€Å"You think little of your neighbors, Bruenor. They’re made of harder stuff than you believe.† â€Å"Agreed,† said the smaller person, â€Å"but my ques

What Were The Causes And The Effects Of The French Revolution Essays

What were the causes and the impacts of the French Revolution? The significant reason for the French Revolution was the debates between the various sorts of social classes in French society. The French Upheaval of 1789-1799 was one of the most significant occasions in the history of the world. The Revolution prompted numerous adjustments in France, which at the hour of the Revolution, was the most remarkable state in Europe. The Revolution prompted the advancement of new political powers for example, majority rules system and patriotism. It doubted the authority of rulers, ministers, and nobles. The Revolution likewise gave new implications and new plans to the political thoughts of the individuals. The French Revolution was spread over the multi year time span somewhere in the range of 1789 and 1799. The essential driver of the transformation was the disagreements about the people groups' varying thoughts of change. Before the start of the Revolution, just moderate changes were needed by the individuals. A case of why they needed this was a direct result of lord Louis XIV's activities. Toward the finish of the seventeenth century, King Louis XIV's wars started diminishing the imperial funds drastically. This compounded during the eighteenth century. The utilization of the cash by Louis XIV rankled the individuals and they needed another arrangement of government. The compositions of the philosophes, for example, Voltaire and Diderot, were reproachful of the legislature. They said that not one authority in power was degenerate, yet that the entire arrangement of government required a few change. In the end, when the imperial accounts were consumed in the 1780's, there started a period of more noteworthy analysis. This started the laborers thought of needing change. Under the Old Regime in France, the ruler was the outright ruler. Louis XIV had brought together force in the illustrious organization, the government divisions which managed his approaches. Together, Louis XIV and the administration attempted to protect regal power and to keep up the social structure of the Old Regime. As of now in French history, the social classes played an significant job in the lives of the individuals. The social structure of France was partitioned among three gatherings: the First Estate, the Second Home, and the Third Estate. Every social gathering had a changed sort of individuals inside their structure, which introduced the various perspectives on the individuals. The First Estate was the Church. During the ancien system, the church was equivalent regarding its social, monetary, and profound power. The First Estate claimed almost 10 percent of all land in France. It covered no charges at the same time, to help church exercises, for example, school running and thinking about poor people, they gathered a tithe, or a charge on salary. Around 33% of the whole church in France served as ward clerics. Additionally remembered for this bequest were the nobles. A few of the nobles lived in extravagance in significant urban areas in France, for example, Versailles or Paris. Ward clerics typically carried on with a persevering life. This Estate was the minority of the individuals in France, having roughly 1 to 2 percent of the populace. The Second Estate in French life was the respectability. They delighted in broad rights and benefits. They made up under 2 percent of the populace. They, similar to the First Estate, made good on scarcely any duties. Financially, the honorability was portrayed by extraordinary land riches. Nobles were commonly the most extravagant individuals from the general public. Commonplace wellsprings of pay were rents and levy for the utilization of their homesteads or domains. The First and Second Estates were gathered in light of the fact that they had comparable political convictions. The Third Estate comprised of the normal people. It incorporated the bourgeoisie, laborers and city laborers. The bourgeoisie, or the working class, were by a wide margin, the wealthiest. In the bourgeoisie, there were the traders and makers, legal advisors, specialists and others like those kinds of callings. Laborers made up the biggest bunch inside the Third Estate. They had to settle powerful assessments, tithes to the congregation, and rents to their landowners for the land that they lived on. The last gathering inside the Third Estate were the city laborers. They were hirelings, understudies, and family unit servants. The significant reason for the Revolution were the distinctions these three gatherings had. Be that as it may, there was another significant factor during these occasions. France experienced unforgiving monetary issues. Poor ranch gathers by ranchers hurt the economy, and exchange rules from the Middle Ages despite everything endure, making exchange troublesome. In any case, the most genuine issue was the issue confronting the legislature during this time. The French government obtained a lot of cash to pay for the wars of Louis XIV. Louis despite everything acquired cash to battle wars and to keep French force alive

College Application Essay - Dos and Dont of Writing an Undergraduate School of Education Application Essay

College Application Essay - Do's and Don't of Writing an Undergraduate School of Education Application EssayIf you want to write an undergraduate school of education application essay, there are some things that you should be aware of before you begin. Using these tips can help you make sure that you have an easy time writing your essay. It will also give you tips for how to write a great essay that will have the school's admissions committee taking notice.First, understand the educational policy of the school that you are applying to. The policies may vary from one school to another. Some may be more strict than others. There are several elementary schools in North Carolina that are very strict about academic rigor, but the same schools will admit students with no problem if they know that the student has had an excellent or even a good grade record throughout their high school years.Second, get comfortable with your essay writing skills. If you think you are not, chances are you ma y want to rethink doing this, as this is something that you will want to include if you are applying to college. While there are essay writing tips that you can find online that can help you learn how to improve your writing, there are a few rules that should always be followed. One thing that you need to keep in mind is that you should only include information that you have considered.Third, read over your admission essay and consider what you are writing. Do you feel that the information you have provided is the best way to represent your candidacy? Are there other aspects that you need to address? Keep in mind that you will be making this type of statement on your admission application. You need to make sure that the information you provide is accurate and that you understand what the school is asking for when they look at your application.Fourth, when it comes to writing your admissions essay, remember that the admissions officer is looking for the school's academic policy. They are not only looking for academics, but also for other academic information such as extracurricular activities. While you want to get an admission letter, a formal academic evaluation is also important. Most schools will require that you provide transcripts, as well as an SAT or ACT score if you need one. Remember that a parent may be able to help you find the academic information that you need on your own.Fifth, think about what the admissions officer is looking for when they review your application. Is the school focused on grades? Does the school focus on any extracurricular activities? Does the school require you to provide an SAT or ACT score if they are doing the evaluation?Sixth, the admissions officer may be looking for other information besides grades. Your application could be requesting information such as how you plan to support yourself financially after graduation. If you want to apply to four-year colleges, the school's admissions officer may be looking for whether o r not you can afford to live away from home after graduation. It is very important to be fully prepared for these types of questions.Seventh, the last thing that you should be aware of when writing college application essays is time management. It is not a good idea to try to write this application essay in less than three weeks. This could hurt your application, because this is time that could be better spent creating your own essay. Save this time by making sure that you have plenty of time to prepare and revise your essay before submitting it.

How to Celebrate Chinese New Years Day

Chinese New Year is the most important and, at 15 days, the longest holiday in China. Chinese New Year begins on the first day of the lunar calendar, so it is also called Lunar New Year, and it is considered the beginning of spring, so it is also called Spring Festival. After ringing in the New Year on New Years Eve, revelers spend the first day of the Chinese New Year doing a variety of activities. Wear New Clothes Every member of the family starts the New Year off right with new clothes. From head to toe, all clothes and accessories worn on New Year’s Day should be brand new. Some families still wear traditional Chinese clothing like qipao but many families now wear regular, Western-style clothing like dresses, skirts, pants, and shirts on Chinese New Year’s Day. Many opt to wear lucky red underwear. Worship Ancestors The first stop of the day is the temple to worship ancestors and welcome the New Year. Families bring offerings of food such as fruit, dates, and candied peanuts and burn sticks of incense and stacks of paper money. Give Red Envelopes Family and friends distribute ç ´â€¦Ã¥Å'…, (hà ³ngbÄ o, red envelopes) filled with money. Married couples give red envelopes to unmarried adults and kids. Children especially look forward to receiving red envelopes which are given in lieu of gifts. Play Mahjong Mahjong (é º »Ã¥ °â€¡, mà ¡ jià  ng) is a fast-paced, four-player game played throughout the year but particularly during Chinese New Year. Learn all about mahjong  and how to play. Launch Fireworks Starting at midnight New Year’s Eve and continuing throughout the day, fireworks of all shapes and sizes are lit and launched. The tradition began with the legend of Nian, a ferocious monster that was afraid of red and loud noises. It is believed the noisy fireworks scared the monster. Now, it is believed the more fireworks and noise there are, the more luck there will be in the New Year. Avoid Taboos There are many superstitions surrounding Chinese New Year. The following activities are avoided by most Chinese on Chinese New Year’s Day: Breaking dishes bring bad luckGetting rid of trash sweeping away good fortuneScolding children signs of bad luckCrying signs of bad luckSaying inauspicious words signs of bad luckSweeping the floor bring bad luckWashing hair bring bad luck

The Development Of Elderly Patients - 1495 Words

INTRODUCTION Today in healthcare, elderly patients are becoming increasingly more common as a result of the aging baby boomers. This rise in the aging population has led to more hospitalization and hospice care of terminally ill and end of life patients. This phase in a patient’s life is often difficult and, as nurses, it is important to make this experience as comfortable and as peaceful as possible. Often times this can be challenging because the multitude of feelings being experienced and the physiologic changes that occur are extremely individualized and are not always predictable (Hodo, A., Buller, L., 2012). Since this transition can be difficult for all involved, the peaceful end of life theory exists as a guideline to help†¦show more content†¦This theory simply asserts that nurses are essential for the creation of peaceful end of life care for a patient. This care includes giving the patient freedom from suffering, emotional support, closeness to signif icant others, participation from significant others, and treatment with both empathy and respect. It was primarily developed for use when dealing with terminally ill adults and their families who are receiving care. A terminally ill patient will often suffer from a significant amount of physical pain, so palliative care is very important and should be managed accordingly. Symptom management will extend beyond easing the emotional pain and will include symptomatic relief of constipation, nausea, dyspnea, anxiety, delirium, and depression (Alligood, M., 2013). The theory also discusses the importance of informing the patients about the different types of treatment that are available to them. It allows nurses help the patient feel some in control an uncontrollable situation. The nurse should educate the patient about their disease and help them understand what’s to come, so the patient can establish his or her wishes regarding hospice, medications, or early termination of life. All of the appropriate care options that are available to the patient should be present to the patient and the risks and benefits

The Perfect and the Innocent Catcher in the Rye by J.D....

Perfection is a house on it’s own, but innocence is the landscape around it. The author of Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger, tells an interesting story about a boy who has avoided his home after getting kicked out his fourth school. This boy, Holden Caulfield, loves perfection and innocence. Holden is a strange character, he makes a snowball, but can’t throw it, imagines the museum as a perfect place because things don’t change, daydreams about his childhood sweetheart constantly, and after seeing â€Å"F† you written on the walls of the school, Holden tries to erase every one of them. Life for Holden is sad and uplifting at the same time, but he has to face the fact that he is growing up and can’t be the protector of children. Holden†¦show more content†¦Holden has to drop the snowball before entering on the bus, because â€Å"people never believe you† (Salinger 37). This shows that people are not perfect and it has impacted every soul on the Earth. The tone is disgusted as Holden think about all of the people who are imperfect. That’s just about every single one of them. Unlike nature, humans don’t run on a perfect schedule and can adjust things in what ever way they want. This has been the case throughout history, this is why Holden likes the museum so, much. Holden hates how people are always making mistakes and ruining the idea of perfection, but he loves the fact that everything in the museum will stay the same forever, especially the Indians. The thing about the place that Holden adores so much, is â€Å"you could go there a hundred thousand times, and that Eskimo will still be just finished cathing those two fish† (Salinger 121). Those two fish will never change, it gives off a powerful sensation that everything is trapped in a glass case of time and you are the only one that is outside and able to change. In fact, Holden says, â€Å" The only thing that would be different is you. Not that you’d be much older or anything. 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Cyberattack Ukraine Spreads Internationally -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cyberattack Ukraine Spreads Internationally? Answer: Introducation Cloud Computing- The concept of cloud computing is considered as the most important in the sector of Information Technology. Cloud computing has entered the technological industry like a storm. The total revenue that is estimated for the private and the public hardware of cloud, services, and software generally amounts to a total of 180 billion dollar, which is 16 % of the total IT industry. In last few years, the demand of cloud has tremendously increased to a total of 70 % of the total growth in IT sector and it is expected to grow to about 60 % by the year of 2020 (Avram, 2014). There are many advantages of using cloud computing in organizations and for personal practices. Cloud computing helps to create new era of services and products within the operations. Without the cloud, organizations are not able to give new services and products to their customers. The traditional outsourcing of the Internet Technology does not provide agility as cloud computing does. Cloud computing also controls all the traditional outsources which does match in most of the part (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). Cloud computing also gives rise to new leaders in the IT industry and also gives rise to IT vendors. Threats of Cloud Computing- Even though cloud computing provides many advantages for data in an organization, it also has many security issues that are involved in the organization. The security threats that comes from cloud computing are data breaches, cloud generally has weak identity and has weak access and credential management in the organization. Cloud Computing is also prone to data loss and also has issues on shared technology. A posted by Reuters and The New York Times, on 21st June Wednesday, a new virus was spread to damage a large amount of data around the world (Perlroth, Scott Frenkel, 2017). The virus that was spread crippled many computers, disrupted all the ports from Ukraine, city of Mumbai to the city of Los Angeles, and finally stopped in Australia at a chocolate factory. In Ukraine, the virus was first spread on Tuesday which affected all the computer systems silently only after the users has downloaded the accounting package of tax or the user visits a news site. The virus was stuck for more than a day and the companies all around the world were struggling to come out of the attack (Batcheller et al., 2017). The experts were also not able to find out a way to come out of the attack. The shipping giant of Danish, A.P. Moller of Maersk said that they found it difficult to process the orders and also shift their cargoes. This congested near about 76 ports all around the world that are run by the subsidiary of APM Terminals. The FedEx Corp of the United States said that the TNT Express part of its company was significantly affected by virus which has spread all along South America affecting the ports operated by China Cofco in Argentina. The code of the virus locked all the machines and also demanded for an amount of 300$ bitcoins from the victims. If they deny to give the ransom, the victims are to lose all their data same as the previous WannaCry ransomeware that was held in May (Srinivasan, 2017). Almost 30 victims paid the amount of money. But seeing the less amount of money, the experts were confused that weather the motive of the attacker was only to gain financially or they were attacking for destruction motive. The attackers instructed to the victims to get them notified when the ransom is paid through emails. The main aim of the attack was only to disrupt the system other than the ransom only. The malware that was detected was variant of all the past campaigns that were derived from a code known as the Eternal Blue which was developed by the NSA (National Security Agency) in U.S. After the WannaCry attack, the security firms, industrial groups, and the government advised the business groups and the consumers to have Microsoft security patches (MSFT.O) in their computers (Mansfield-Devine, 2017). The security firms which include Cisco Talos, Microsoft, and the SYMC.O (Symantec) said that some of the initial infections were completed by them when the malware was transferred to the users of Ukraine tax program software known as MEDoc. After gaining money in Ukraine, the malware was spread all over the corporate network to gain more amount of money. References Avram, M. G. (2014). Advantages and challenges of adopting cloud computing from an enterprise perspective.Procedia psychology,12, 529-534. Batcheller, A., Fowler, S. C., Cunningham, R., Doyle, D., Jaeger, T., Lindqvist, U. (2017). Building on the Success of Building Security In.IEEE Security Privacy,15(4), 85-87. Mansfield-Devine, S. (2017). Ransomware: the most popular form of attack.Computer Fraud Security,2017(10), 15-20. Perlroth, N., Scott, M., Frenkel, S. (2017). Cyberattack Hits Ukraine Then Spreads Internationally.The New York Times. Rittinghouse, J. W., Ransome, J. F. (2016).Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Schauer, S., Stamer, M., Bosse, C., Pavlidis, M., Mouratidis, H., Knig, S., Papastergiou, S. (2017). An adaptive supply chain cyber risk management methodology. Srinivasan, C. R. (2017). Hobby hackers to billion-dollar industry: the evolution of ransomware.Computer Fraud Security,2017(11), 7-9.

Hate crimes free essay sample

What is a hate crime? A crime motivated by racial, sexual, or other prejudice How many hate crimes were recorded by the FBI in its most recent hate crime report? 6,222 According to the Petrosinos article and our text, were there hate crimes before hate crime laws? Give examples and discuss. What is a lynching? How many lynchings are estimated to have taken place in our country? What are some reasons that people were lynched? (www. withoutsanctuary. org) Killing people in mob form. 4,743 lynchings were estimated to happen. Reasons were people blamed blacks for their financial problems after slavery was ended. Whites were lynched for helping blacks. Who was Emmett Till? A 14 year old African American boy, who was murdered after reportedly flirting with a white woman. Her husband beat Till and gouged out one of his eyes then shot him in the head and threw him in a river When and why were the Civil Rights Acts (CRA) passed? Passed in 1964 after John F. We will write a custom essay sample on Hate crimes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kennedys speech where he said this country will not be free until all its citizens are free What were the limitations of the CRA in the context of hate crimes? Only applied if the victim of the crime is engaged during one of the six federally protected activities, like voting or an involvement with inner state commerce When were the first hate crime laws passed? In the 1990’s What are the four types of hate crime laws and what do they do? You should be able to discuss each in detail. 1990 – Hate crimes statistics act. Collect data from local law enforcements 1994 – Hate crimes sentencing enhancement act – increase sentencing on hate crime offenders 1994 – Violence against women act – victims of gender based crimes can sue attackers 1997 – Church Arson Prevention Act – increase penalties for damage to places of worship The federal hate crime law, known as the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Act, significantly expands federal jurisdiction over hate crimes and the scope of what is protected under federal law. Explain. The original hate crime law protected people of different race, color, religion, sex or national origin. This act expands current hate crimes law to include violence based on gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or disability How are hate crime laws justified in terms of the theories of deterrence, retribution and symbolic messages? Explain the arguments under each theory. Deterrence – These laws will discourage people from committing the crime because of worse penalties. In the offenders mind the risk of worse penalties can outweigh the potential benefits of the crime. Retribution- Hate crime victims suffer more psychologically and emotionally with feelings of humiliation, isolation, and self hatred. Hate crimes tend to be â€Å"excessively brutal† as well so they could have more physical trauma. Symbolic Messages – The laws teach the moral and social norms of the community. Also the punishment declares that in the society the offense is not tolerated so it can make the victims feel better. According to the Henry and the Jacobs/Potter chapters (BB), what are the limitations/challenges/consequences of hate crime laws? The Hate Debate What does the First Amendment protect? protect the freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly and petition What are â€Å"fighting words† and are they protected by the First Amendment? – Fighting words receive no First Amendment Protection because they are not normally part of any dialogue or exposition of ideas What is motive, and how is it different from intent? From what evidence can motive be inferred? Motive is used to explain why a person acted or refused to act in a certain way. It is the reason why the crime was committed. Intent is the supposed action or purpose of the crime. It is the result of motive, deliberate breaking of the law. What are the challenges faced by legislators in passing laws regulating hate on the internet? What challenges do prosecutors face in fighting hate crime on the internet? What did the Supreme Court rule in: Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire- the Court articulated the fighting words doctrine, a limitation of the First Amendments guarantee of freedom of speech Wisconsin v. Mitchell Wisconsins law that increased the penalty for racially motivated crimes did not violate the First Amendment. Mitchells conviction and increased penalty were constitutional. The Court ruled that a state may consider whether a crime was committed or initially considered due to an intended victims status in a protected class Black v. Virginia Cross-burning can be a criminal offense if the intent to intimidate is proven. How does the 14th Amendment relate to hate crime laws? The 14th amendment guarantees equal protection and hate crime laws give worse penalties to crimes against certain people. Which groups are protected under hate crime statutes? What are the policy implications from the inclusion or exclusion of certain groups? Who was Marc Lepine? A 25 year-old from Montreal, Canada who murdered fourteen women and wounded ten women and four men at a school. He separated the men and women in the room and shot the women. He had often complained about women working in nontraditional jobs Why might a victim fail to report a hate crime? Discuss. They could have poor relations with the police, because they are inhibited by cultural or linguistic factors, or because they are among the people who are the most voiceless in our societies. Also they might not want people to know that they are in the LGBT community. Why might the police fail to report or label a hate crime? Disucss. Police might not report or label a hate crime because they do not want to bring negative media to their town. The town where Matthew Sheppard was murdered is now known for that reason. What challenges are there to the prosecution of hate crime? Proving motive may be easy but proving intent is very hard unless there is specific evidence proving it was a hate crime. What are some of the potentially paradoxical impacts of hate crime? The laws can increase prejudice. The offender could dislike the group he assaulted because if it wasn’t for them none of it would have happened. Also it might make people feel that certain groups are getting special treatment. Hate Crime Targets What happened to James Byrd in Jasper, Texas? He was stopped by three men, two of which were white supremacists in a pickup truck who tied him to the truck with rope and dragged him down the road. He died after hitting his head on an edge. What is anti-Semitism? Prejudice against or hatred of Jews According to Jeffrey Salkin, Regional Director of the ADL, what historical events influence modern stereotypes about Jewish people? What are the definitions of the terms? Gay A homosexual person usually used to describe men but may be used to describe women as well. Lesbian – a homosexual woman Bisexual A homosexual person usually used to describe men but may be used to describe women as well. Heterosexual A person who is emotionally, physically, and/or sexually attracted and committed to the members or a gender or sex that is seen to be the â€Å"opposite† or other than the one with which they identify or are identified. Also called â€Å"straight† Homosexual- A person who is primarily and/or exclusively attracted to members of what they identify as their own sex or gender. A clinical term that originated in the late 1800s. Some avoid the word because it contains the base word â€Å"sex. † The terms â€Å"lesbian, bi and gay† are preferred by many in the LGBT community. Transgender This term has many definitions. It is frequently used as an umbrella term to refer to all people who deviate from their assigned gender at birth or the binary gender system. This includes transsexuals, cross-dressers, gender queers, drag kings, drag queens, two-spirit people, and others. Some transgender people feel they exist not within one of the two standard gender categories, but rather somewhere between, beyond or outside of those two genders. Transsexual A person who, through experiencing an intense, long-term discomfort resulting from feeling the inappropriateness of their assigned gender at birth and discomfort of their body, adapts their gender role and body to reflect and be congruent with their gender identity. How are hate crimes based on sexual orientation different from other hate crimes? There are still 15 states that do not include hate crime laws that do not include sexual orientation. It has been a big debate because people say sexual orientation is a choice and if they include sexual orientation it may open the door for other federal and civil rights. According to the Herek article (BB), what percentage of hate crimes based on sexual orientation are not reported to the police? Why do are many of these crimes unreported? What makes these crimes unique? Who was Matthew Sheppard and what happened to him? McKinney and Henderson who were giving Sheppard, a gay boy, a ride home subsequently drove the car to a remote, rural area and proceeded to rob, pistol-whip, and torture Sheppard, tying him to a fence and leaving him to die because he was gay. What events led up to the genocide in Rwanda? Who were the Hutus and the Tutsis? Describe what happened during the Rwandan genocide. What was the response of the international community? President Juvenal Habyarimana of Rwanda was returning from a summit in Tanzania when a surface-to-air missile shot his plane out of the sky over Rwandas capital city of Kigali. The Hutus were about 90% of Rwanda’s population and Tutsis were about 10%. On August 3, 1993 when Habyarimana signed the Arusha Accords, which weakened the Hutu hold on Rwanda and allowed Tutsis to participate in the government. This greatly upset Hutu extremists. The Hutus extremists went on a mass slaughtering of all Tutsis for 100 days killing about 800,000 people total. The international community refused to acknowledge the genocide and did not do anything to help. They refused to declare that a government guilty of exterminating its citizens would never receive international assistance. Hate Offenders What is the profile of the â€Å"typical† hate offender? Young, white, and male; he does not come form an especially impoverished backround; he has little or no previous contact with the hate criminal justice system; and he does not beling to an organized hate group. Identify and discuss the different types of offender motivations. Give examples. Thrill Seeking Crimes – the most common type. The offender’s, almost always young and in small groups, were just bored and looking for some fun. Not everyone in the group may be bias but the leader usually is. Reactive crimes – the perpetrator is reacting to what he considers to be an intrusion. Some incident triggers an expression of anger. They usually do not go out of their neighborhood to commit these crimes. The victim happened upon them. Mission Crimes- The rarest type, the offender, usually acting alone, seeks to rid the world of a particular kind of people whom he views as evil. Offenders are usually deeply troubled and sometimes even psychotic. Retaliatory Crimes – a person hears a report or rumor of a hate incident against his or her own group and takes revenge by committing a crime against a member of the initial supposed offending group. What is group think? Groups sometimes strive so much to maintain consensus that critical thinking is usually discouraged. Groups of people often make poor decisions, even though the individuals involved may be aware that they are poor decisions and may not have reached the same decisions on their own. Identify and discuss several experiments that illustrate the principle of group think? Zimbardo Stanford mock prison experiment Students were randomly assigned as guards or prisoners to try and realistically replicate the conditions of a real prison. It had to be stopped because the guards were getting very brutal. Milgram shock experiment – An actor scientist had a volunteer shock a person if they did not answer the question correctly (nobody really got shocked). The person would scream when the volunteer shocked them and the teacher would say keep going and they did even though they knew it was wrong. Asch line Experiment – A group actors and one person were in a room and they asked what line was the longest. The actors would all give the wrong answer and the volunteer would go along even though it was an obvious answer. What is prejudice? Making a decision before becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case. An unfavorable opinion or feeling formed beforehand or without knowledge, thought, or reason. What is a stereotype? A thought that may be adopted about specific types of individuals or certain ways of doing things, but that belief may or may not accurately reflect reality What is the difference between an in-group and an out-group? An in-group is a social unit an individual belongs to, interacts with, and shares a sense of â€Å"we-ness† with. An out-group, on the other hand, is a social unit or group of people that an individual neither belongs to nor identifies with. What is the role of the family in creating bigotry? Kids often take the role of their father or mother. If at a young age a child’s parents openly express their prejudices the child will often take their same views. Identify and discuss the situational factors identified in class and in the book that contribute to bigotry (groups, economics, social milieu, culture). What is group think? How does that relate to hate crime commission? Why do people join organized hate groups? They usually do not have hatred toward certain groups but they are targeted by organized hate groups and lured into groups. Organized Hate Groups According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, how many hate groups were there in 2012? 1007 Identify and discuss the characteristics shared among all (or most) hate groups? Their viewpoints are bigoted. One of their primary goals is to advance their own interest at the expense of those they oppose. Usually have official membership criteria. They are organized Identify and discuss characteristics of the right wing racial movement and the white resistence movement. Explain the history the KKK as described in our text. After the civil war over and slavery was ended, many white southerners felt threatened. The wealthy feared losing their source of cheap labor. In 1865 the kkk was born. Who was Mulugeta Seraw? He was an Ethiopian student and father who went to the United States to attend college. He was killed in November 1988, at age 28, in Portland, Oregon by three white supremacists Identify and discuss the primary ideologies that are shared by many hate groups. Power – Hate groups are usually dedicated to gaining power, generally at the expense of other groups. White supremacists are concerned with losing their control over others. Racial Separatism Antipathy for the same groups – hate against groups such as Jews, people of color, and immigrants Antipathy for particular beliefs and actions – hate against beliefs or actions such as abortion, political liberalism, feminism. Based on the Blazak article (BB) and our text, describe the process of recruitment into and defection from hate groups. They focus on schools or neighborhoods where there is already some people of their group or where there was some perceived threat to straight, white males like areas where there had been large layoffs, where white students had been victimized by minority gangs, or where multiculturalism had recently been introduced into the curriculum. Then direct attention to individuals who are experiencing strain because of being left out, frustrated, or harassed. They offer programs to to solve their problems in live and offer structure What activities are performed by hate groups? Meetings – speeches, cross lightings, sales of t-shirts, CDs, and more. Music Rallies – get media publicity, reinforce to members that they are actually doing something, and offer opportunity for violence because of counterdemonstrators. Propaganda – fliers, pamphlets, newsletters and more. Internet – Websites that include propaganda Organized Political Activity Socializing What is the role of women in hate groups? There are women in hate groups and even a group called the mothers movement that was racist, anti Semitic, and against WWII. Fighting Hate What is Alport’s contact hypothesis? To reduce prejudice, put members of disparate groups together on equal footing for sufficient periods of time and to provide support for their cooperation in achieving a common goal. What is the Robber Cave experiment? The experimenters arranged for two emergencies to occur (a stuck bus and a broken water supply). The camp counselors then encouraged the rival groups of boys to work together to overcome these emergencies. The boys did so, and hostilities between the groups were greatly decreased. What is the jigsaw classroom? Children in a recently desegregated school in Texas were placed into small, racially integrate groups. Each member was given a unique set of information, and they were going to be tested on all of the info at the end. So they had to rely on their classmates in order to do well on the test. Can laws change bigotry? Why or why not? Laws can change signs of prejudice and, in time, attitudes are likely to follow. The best way to change attitudes is to change behavior first. Discuss the primary goals and approaches of the following organizations in combating hate: Southern Poverty Law Center civil rights organization dedicated to fighting hate and bigotry, and to seeking justice for the most vulnerable members of society. known for tracking and exposing the activities of hate groups. Documentary films, books, lesson plans and other materials that promote tolerance and respect in our nation’s schools Anti-Defamation League – Eliminate anti-Jewish stereotypes in the media and to combat other forms of anti-Semitism. Tracking extremists both in the us and abroad. Civil rights activism. Simon Wiesenthal Center – Combat hate through education. Opened the museum of tolerance, which has interactive multimedia exhibits on the holocaust and on prejudice in general. National Gay and Lesbian Task Force – Promote the civil rights of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people. Identify and discuss different models of rehabilitation. Victim-offender mediation – the victim and the offender are brought together, and the victim has the opportunity to describe the harm he or she has experienced and to ask questions, the offender can offer apologies or explanations. The goal is for the parties to reach a mutually acceptable agreement for reconciliation. Counseling or education programs – counseling on topics such as anger management and parenting skills. Listen to speakers from different ethnic and social groups, listen to victims of hate crimes, and learn about the law. Less formal ways – an offender might be ordered to tour a holocaust museum, or listen to a holocaust survivor or hate crime victim. Matched with a mentor of the group they hate. What is the Not In My Town anti-hate program? In a town where there were a lot of hate incidents, several community organizations passed anti-hate resolutions, people participated in pro-tolerance marches and vigils, and local residents donated time and paint to clean up racist graffiti. As described in your text and as discussed in class, identify and discuss the major efforts to fight hate. Are these efforts likely to be effective? Education of youth or the public in general Lobbying for anti-hate laws Monitoring organized hate groups Strengthening law enforcement efforts Public relations campaigns Victim-offender mediation Offender counseling and education Lawsuits against offenders and others

Socialization Definition Essay Samples Essays

Socialization Definition Essay Samples Essays Socialization Definition Essay Samples Essay Socialization Definition Essay Samples Essay Define socialization The environment largely influences our perceptions, which leads to diversity. Eddie D. Love (2014) wrote an article on LinkedIn on how the environment influences individual perception. He begins by defining the word perception, which literary translates to how we view things. Every living being is entitled to have thoughts of their own. However, these thoughts are tailored by the environment in which that individual is exposed to. Psychologists characterize perceptions as being positive and negative. These perceptions are what makes us different from each other. Positive perception is as a result of the things we find attractive in our environment, and which make us feel good and uplift our moods. On the other hand, people attribute negative perception to painful or unpleasant memories. These positive and negative images are products of the environment, which is a primary factor on how interact with other people. So, how does our perceptions of the environment make us different from each other? Eddie D. Love (2014) argues that people who grow up in different environments view life differently. For example, those that perceive the environment in a negative manner often find it hard to conform to the ways of others. The same also happens to those who positively view the environment because they have a different way of thinking that differs from those with a negative perception. Furthermore, the different perceptions of the environment affect the emotional intelligence among a group of people. Negative environments will harden an individual and inspire them to do better in life whereas positive environments do not inspire the person to become fearless and assertive in any environment (Love, 2014). Therefore, our perception of the environment makes us different in various ways, such as inspirational level, emotional intelligence and problem solving skills. Additionally, children that grow up in unsafe environments filled with crime end up engaging in crime. Those that grow up in a secure environment with loving parents grow up to fulfill their dreams and become successful. Hence, our differences are as a result of our perceptions of the environment. In conclusion, our surrounding plays a key role in our development. Human beings would be similar if they were raised in the same environment. Using studies, psychologists have proven that the environment greatly influences individual development, which affects how they relate with each other (Shergill, 2012). Indeed, our abilities to view the environment leads to diversity. Negative perceptions of the environment results in the individual having different thoughts and different goals in life. On the other hand, individuals with positive perceptions of the environment often aim for greater things. Thus, the two individuals are different because of their different perceptions of the environment. Shergill (2012) brings forth a discussion that how we perceive the environment not only makes us different from each other, but also different from animals. Likewise, the environment molds individuals into what they will become in future. It is true that the environment plays a fundamental rol e into our development. References Love, E. (2014). Retrieved 22 March 2018, from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20141104055117-198091596-how-your-environment-influences-your-perception Shergill, H. (2012). Experimental psychology. [Place of publication not identified]: Prentice-Hall Of India Pv. What is socialization Shared reality is a phenomenon in which people induce themselves to other peoples opinions or they adopt other peoples perceptions regarding an issue or event. That is the way how we perceive our environment and it make us different from each other. Moreover, shared reality theory is a branch of psychology and termed as Social Psychology. Charles Horton Cooley an American sociologist in 1902 termed the social psychology as Looking-glass Self. Nowadays, shared reality can be witnessed very largely in the social media networks like Facebook where people share their opinions and perceptions and other people like as well as comment on that opinion/perceptions. Social Cognition: It is matter of fact that shared reality is a social cognition (the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning). Indeed, humans actually attune behaviors like eating, dressing, liking and disliking of music as well as the thought process from the people around them. Even, if a person does not mingle with other person, but indeed he/she must think about other person and may also start fantasizing him/her. Therefore, shared reality is a type of social cognition which is by birth in the human nature. How will peoples Facebook posting behavior affect the construction of shared reality? A common phenomenon on social media like Facbook is everyone is busy in posting his/her understanding or thoughts about a specific issue or event. The people connected to that person via Facebook are likely to like, dislike, comment or confront to the understanding or thought. There are four factors which are influential to determine that how a persons Facebook posting behavior affects the construction of shared reality. 1) Specific audience, 2) abstract audience, 3) independent variable, and 4) dependent variable. All four are briefly explained here under: Specific audience: When we talk about specific audience in respect of social media and in reference of shared reality, it means the people who are targeted or deemed to be the target of the specific opinion or perception shared on the social media i.e. Facebook. This is the determined or specific audience. Abstract audience: Similarly, an abstract audience is the audience which is not known and cannot be determined by a person who is going to share his/her opinion or perception on the social media i.e. Facebook in reference of shared reality. Independent variable: Independent variable is the indicator that adhere the audience type and its reaction towards your opinion/perception on some issue or event. For instance, when someone posts an article on his own timeline, in return he/she will receive abstract imagined audience, posting the same article on a friends timeline will return with specific imagined audience, and emailing the article to own self gets into control condition. All of these are independent variables. Dependent variable: Dependent variable is the condition where memory is checked and what you measured in the experiment required to be recalled and write down to examining the memory and knowing the confidence that one showed for his recall. The dependent variable measures organic memory effects. Conclusion: At the end of treatise, the meaning and importance of shared reality and its linkage with the social media particularly as discussed and defined above with the Facebook has been examined and understanding is being unveiled that shared reality is a phenomena in which one person match his perception to the other person. However, it has also been recognized that shared reality is actually a form of social cognition which belongs to the cognitive process of a human being. The affects of Facebook posting behavior and its factors has also been examined .With all above, it has been concluded that shared reality is actually an inbuilt human evolution process which was defined in 1902 by Charles Horton Cooley as Looking-glass Self.

The possible treatment for Arteriovenous malformation Essay

The possible treatment for Arteriovenous malformation - Essay Example Management can be done by treatment of symptoms only through drugs. However, a bleeding AVM presents emergency and invasive intervention becomes imminent. The major treatment therapies include open surgery, endovascular embolization and radiosurgery. A multidisciplinary approach is usually employed to minimize the associated complications and achieve better treatment results. A recent clinical trial has established a higher risk of stroke, neurologic disability and death patients with interventional management as compared to the patients managed without intervention. In the end, the study concludes key findings in the form of bullet points. The goal of this study is to present various contemporary practices employed for the evaluation and management of arteriovenous malformations. The risks associated with each procedure are the prime focus of the study, which will also help to highlight their differential effectiveness in dealing with such diverse anomalies. Although there has been remarkable progression in development of non-invasive techniques over the last two decades, the approaches are still being debated on the basis of effectiveness and associated complications. This study will therefore also investigate major challenges faced by practitioners in accurate diagnosis and management of the disease. Further, recent research advancements into the role of multidisciplinary efforts and their future prospects will also be discussed. The human cardiovascular system is among the early developed systems, assuming its functional role by the fourth week of embryonic life. It consists of heart and a closed network of tubular vessels, and serves as a transport system for circulation of blood in the body (1). The pumping mechanism of heart forces the blood into arteries, then arterioles, followed by intricate bed of narrow

Criminology 3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminology 3 - Research Paper Example Canada has short jail terms for such crimes, for example, compared to the United States and Australia. This was happening even during periods when the crime rates of the three countries were almost at the same degree (Beare 19). Most convicts are handed parole after serving only two thirds of their terms. The Canadian criminal law system provides that the highest sentence a guilty verdict carries for first degree and second degree murder is life imprisonment (Grossman & Roberts 74). However, the law also provides that a convict can apply for parole after serving 25 years of the sentence for first degree murder, and ten years for second degree murder. Although applying for parole does not mean it will be granted, the possibility of applying should be abolished to make the penalty stricter and drive citizens away from committing murder. For manslaughter, the law also provides that maximum sentence is life imprisonment. However, there is a compulsory minimum sentence applicable ranging from four to seven years if the crime was committed using a firearm, with the option of a parole (Grossman & Roberts 75). The minimum compulsory sentence which is too lenient should be done away with and only have the life imprisonment for a guilty verdict. This should also extend to manslaughter that was committed without a firearm. Under the Terrorism Law of Canada, it is provided that facilitating terrorism by financing or giving any resources towards aiding in the activity is punishable by a maximum prison term of 14 years upon a guilty verdict. Those participating in carrying out the crime are eligible to a maximum sentence of ten years (Sam 4). These penalties are far too lenient for acts of terrorism that are a danger to both the government and citizens of a nation. The punishment should be made stricter to ward off tendencies of terrorism. A lifetime sentence will be more appropriate because this crime should be viewed the same way as a murder. Adultery or sexual

Benefits of Electric Vehicles Essay Example for Free

Benefits of Electric Vehicles Essay 1: Problem Statement The market for plug in vehicles is growing more competitive since variety of manufacturers are increasingly offering plug in hybrid and battery electrical vehicle. However, the initially adopted two key drivers, lower operating cost and zero emission driving, are not proving to be as effective as expected. The market for Electrical Vehicle is still struggling to expand towards more mass-market. The purpose of this research is to acquire knowledge and get a better understanding of the cost- benefit of plug in electrical vehicles as well as its’ impact on environmental and financial policies. Questions!! What are the cost and benefits of Electric Vehicles? What is the environmental impact of electric vehicles? How can environmental and financial policies influence on consumer support? 2: Popular sources [IF USED—THESE DON’T COUNT TOWARD THE FIVE SOURCE REQUIREMENT] Write a brief summary of the key information found from your bridge sources and popular source phase of the research. Source cited Give the key points and issue that have broadened you understanding into the problem you are researching 1. Green vehicle. http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Electric_vehicle An electric vehicle is any motor vehicle that uses one or more electric motors or traction motors as a driving force. There are three main types of electric vehicle exist, those that are directly powered from an external power station, those that are powered by stored electricity originally from an external power source, and those that are powered by an on-board electrical generator, such as an internal combustion engine (a hybrid electric vehicle) or a hydrogen fuel cell. These vehicles are environment friendly as they release almost no air pollutants at the place where they are operated. They also have less noise pollution than an internal combustion engine vehicle. EV gives the greater degree of energy resilience as electricity is a form of energy that remains within the region where it produced. 2. Green Cars and Todays Economy. http://www. consumerenergyreport. com/green-cars-and-todays-economy/ According to this article, plug-in hybrid electrical help the economy and personal expenses can determine which green car to buy. The article specifies the pros and cons of having an electric vehicle. Among the advantages are low insurance cost, low gas cost, job creation and better air quality. The disadvantages include maintenance, initial cost and battery life. 3. Negative Environmental Impacts of Hybrid Vehicles. http://greenliving. lovetoknow. com/Hybrid_Vehicles_Negative_Environmental_Impact This article describes the negative environmental impact Hybrid vehicles. It defines different kinds of hybrids. It questions the source of electrical power for hybrids. According to the article hybrid cars are not emission free. The batteries contain nickel in them and are considered toxic. Two other negative aspects that are covered include the negative impact of high voltage wiring and the initial cost associated with the green Car. 3: Scholarly sources List of sources broken down by discipline: Source cited Research process Qualitative/quantitative Framing or norm/post/critical Key insights/theories/points How does this understanding conflict with any other insight/theory or concur 1. Ecology a) R. Socolow, V. Thomas (2000). The Industrial Ecology of lead and electrical vehicle. Journal of Industrial Ecology. Volume 1, issue 1, Pages 13-36, January 2000 b) Title, author? Journal of Environmental Planning Management; Jan 2009, Vol. 52 Issue 1, P79-96. According to this paper, a common risk analysis of electric vehicles is misguided, because it treats lead batteries and lead additives in gasoline on the same footing and implies that the lead battery should be abandoned. The authors stated that â€Å"The use of lead additives in gasoline is a dissipative use where emissions cannot be confined: The goal of management should be and has been to phase out this use. The use of lead in batteries is a recyclable use, because the lead remains confined during cycles of discharge and recharge. † Clean recycling of the lead batteries should be the goal.. A management system closely approaching clean recycling should be achievable. The lead battery has the potential to become a hazardous product managed in the world. The tools of industrial ecology are helpful in identifying the key criteria that an ideal lead-battery recycling system must meet maximal recovery of batteries after use, minimal export of used batteries to countries where environmental controls are weak, minimal impact on the health of communities near lead-processing facilities, and maximal worker protection from lead exposure in these facilities. This research paper explores quantitatively Californians interest in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) based on a statewide phone survey conducted in July 2004 by the Public Policy Institute of California. The paper develops factors that summarize beliefs about energy and the environment using principal component analysis. This study result concludes that the Californians concerned about the environment, energy efficiency, global warming and recent increases in the price of gasoline state a higher interest in hybrids. Another important reason for considering hybrid electric vehicles, however, is the possibility of using high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes while driving alone, especially for people with potentially long commutes to work. The findings also suggest that beliefs about energy and the environment should be included in vehicle type choice models. First article is emphasizing on the negative impact that electric vehicle has on the environment whereas the latter one highlights on the eco-friendliness and the popularity of the EVs. Source cited Research process Qualitative/quantitative Framing or norm/post/critical. Key insights/theories/points How does this understanding conflict with any other insight/theory or concur 2. Technology. c) Systems for hybrid cars. Otmar Bitsche et. al. Journal of power sources 127 (2004) 8-15. d) The state of the art of electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. C. C. Chan. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol 95, No 4, April 2007. The Otmar article gives us a detailed understanding of what plug-in hybrid electrical are and how their drive trains offer a wide range of benefits such as multifaceted performance improvements, reduced emissions and reduced fuel consumption compared to the internal combustion engine. It demonstrates how important the battery is in different hybrid cars for the right specific automotive application. It describes the cost and safety aspects in terms of battery type and performance of such vehicles. Competition alongside with legislation is pushing hybrid technology towards the future. The paper describes different types of hybrid vehicles and their advantages. It should therefore be considered to have a positive perspective to the reader. However one weakness to the article is that is is relatively technical and may not be appeasing to the general reader in order to understand hybrid cars in a nutshell. Also, the kind of hybrid that would be considered the best in terms of performance is not mentioned. The most significant aspect of the article is it describes all the different modes of hybrid operation and how regenerative braking affects the performance of the battery hence the author develops an important concept. The author approaches the subject matter through a unique method in which he describes stop-start hybrids followed by mild hybrids and full hybrids before focusing on purely electrical cars. The author argues while safety comes first, it is the cost that determines the most important factor to buying a hybrid. In contrast, the Chan paper describes the different state of the art hybrid vehicles in particular. These include Toyota Prius, Honda Civic, Ford Escape, Saturn vue, ISE transient buses and Honda FCX. Chan describes a detailed history of Evs, HEVs and FCVs which the Otmar paper tends to lack. The article describes the differences among Electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles and points out the advantages and disadvantages of each. The paper describes how a better understanding of control theory is essential for the future development of these vehicles. This article is useful in order to choose the right green car for ones individual needs. It describes the hybrid system car by car and is therefore very useful for understanding what is available in the auto market and what to expect from each individual model. The paper is more geared towards the general reader and offers a positive perspective. The most significant aspect of the article is that it is focused on individual car model. It is also in agreement with other sources on hybrid vehicles. The author makes a informative comparison in the form of a table where he compare and contrasts battery electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles in terms of propulsion, energy system, energy source and infrastructure, characteristics and major issues. These factors may arise to a debate on which type of green car is superior in overall performance. Source cited Research process Qualitative/quantitative Framing or norm/post/critical Key insights/theories/points. How does this understanding conflict with any other insight/theory or concur Economics. e) Fredrik Carlsson (2003) Costs and Benefits of electric Vehicles. A 2010 perspective. . Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, volume 37, part 1, January 2003, pp. 1-28. f) Consumer support for environmental policies: An application to purchases of plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle. Alex Coad et. al. Ecological Economics 68 (2009), 2078-2086. The Fredrick paper describes a social cost-benefit analysis with respect to the increase in electric vehicle number within the Swedish transport sector by the year 2010. According to the paper electric cars are socially unprofitable in spite of having a lower life cycle cost compared to their gasoline counterparts. This is due to government subsidies on electric cars which outweigh the benefits related to low fuel consumption. Despite the environmental advantages, electric vehicles are not very common and different means of financially supporting them is often subject to debate. The paper uses a cost benefit model to determine consumer welfare or utility and can be looked upon as having a normative perspective. The weakness of the paper is that it assumes too many assumptions which is not always realistic. It is a technical paper and therefore the mathematical section is not suitable for the general public. The most significant aspect of this research is to answer the question as to whether governments should subsidize electric vehicles and the conclusion is negative. In his conclusion the author states that due to too many uncertainties the case for public subsidies becomes uncertain. In contrast, the Alex paper describes how consumer motivation can be used to encourage the adoption of cleaner technologies. According to the author intrinsic motivation such as energy labels for cars and extrinsic motivation such as subsidies or fines can be used to encourage the adoption of cleaner technologies. The paper analyzes a survey data set of Swiss households. The results of this survey are of particular interest to policy makers who are keen on guiding consumers towards cleaner technology. This paper gives us a better understanding of intrinsic motivation which is the kind of motivation that comes from within ourselves and not from an outside source that rewards money or grades. Extrinsic motivation is guided by some type of external subject or reward. The paper analyzes to what extent consumers are willing to support public policies in order to promote energy efficient cars. The nature of the article is of normative perspective. The weakness of the article is that the survey was conducted on 1500 Swiss households. Nothing about the age or nature of these households are mentioned in the serve. The most significant aspect of the paper is that it gives one a better understanding of different motivation to get a job done. Although both these papers discuss about the economic perspective of plug-in hybrid electrical, they do so in very different way. While the former article is a cost benefit description of electric vehicles by utilizing an economic model, the latter can be considered as an article that describes the motivation that drives consumer support towards the purchase of a green car. 4: Disciplinary Overlapping: In all sources except for the Cost and benefits article it is mentioned that plug-in hybrid electrical are more cost effective than their gasoline counterpart. However, Fredrik Carlsson in his article mentions that electrical vehicles are socially unprofitable in spite of having a lower private life cycle cost and external cost compared to petrol cars. All six articles do however agree that plug-in hybrid electrical are more fuel efficient and environmentally friendlier than gasoline cars. give us a better understanding on what plug-in hybrid electrical are like and how they have evolved with time. mentions the different systems in hybrid vehicles while describes specific models helping us to choose which green car to buy. The cost benefits of buying a green car is discussed in, however, the source is based on many assumptions and the paper itself is very technical. focuses on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation that leads to support of environmental policies. The articles in general give us a better understanding of the problem statement. However one aspect that was overlooked by all the sources involves the environmental effect of different kind of battery systems, their waste and disposal. Category /Element Criteria Range: (Na)(No)(A)(M) Purposefulness (20) identifies a clear research problem and explains it; Readings chosen are relevant to the problem as defined (10-12),(13-15), (16-18),(19-20) 15 Grounding (40) identifies and adequately summarizes the constituent elements of each source: insights, theories or concepts, methodologies, sources of evidence; connects each source to a part of the problem that it helps illuminate (10-12),(13-15), (16-18),(19-20) 0 The selection of sources gives appropriate â€Å"coverage† of the problem (10-12),(13-15), (16-18),(19-20) 17 Critical Awareness (20). Student recognizes and explains how the different elements of each source affect the findings—methods, theories, concepts, assumptions; Student identifies meaningful conflicts or commonalities among different sources (10-12),(13-15), (16-18),(19-20) 17 Integration (20) Student makes intelligent comparisons between insights, theories, methods or data across disciplinary lines to support an improved understanding or cognitive advancement; explains how different ideas could be applied to an improved understanding (10-12),(13-15), (16-18),(19-20) 16 Total: 65.

The New Electronic World Essay -- Internet Technology Technological Pa

The New Electronic World Cyberspace has become a reality of everyday life. People across the world spend significant amounts of time and effort in the construction, maintenance, and innovation of the Internet. This advancement has created two classes: those who are in control of this new culture and those who are left behind. The fact also remains that there will always be a negative aspect for every positive one. The Internet has shown us technology at its zenith and at the same time, the perverted reflection of our society. The Matrix portrays the future of our world in the way of its innovators, one group abusing the power to enslave another. In this case, the Internet advances through the direction of people intending to utilize the power for self-centered purposes. The end result is a world in which a virtual environment was created within the minds of an imprisoned class of people. There are many theories regarding the Internet today and whether it is actually providing benefit to our world, or causing more problems than its worth. The more we progress the more others, it seems, are left behind. The Internet truly has its positive aspects. From instant information at ones fingertips to the ability to communicate across the world at the cost of a local phone call, one can easily argue that the Internet has improved our world. But as in many cases, the negative aspects of a modern innovation are more easily exploited by those who consciously or not, are destroying our environment. The access to pornography, the computer viruses damaging corporate business, and the hacking that virtual thugs find humorous are all examples of abuse that create a more negative viewpoint of the Internet. The Matrix takes this theory... ... An addiction rarely can be identified until it is too late. While the theory of The Matrix was a complex one, and at times, quite unbelievable, certainly there are those who have become too reliant on the Internet for the bare essentials of life. It is true the Internet is an incredible tool for sharing information, researching truths, and conducting business, however, it is also true that the Internet is often used as a replacement for reality. These groups of people are the ones who are in danger of becoming the drones as described in the movie. These are the people that are in danger of one day waking up and realizing that they live in a world they do not truly know. Works Cited Rheingold, Howard. The Heart of the WELL. Composing Cyberspace. Ed. Richard Holeton. Boston: McGraw Hill, 1998. Andy and Larry Wachowski. The Matrix. Warner Bros. 1999.

Tok Knowing a Friend and Swimmin

TOK 11 summative assessment quarter 2 Jacqueline Blok 21/11/11 Compare and contrast knowing a friend to knowing how to swim, knowing a scientific theory and knowing a historical period. What conclusions about nature of knowing can you reach? Thinking I knew how to swim I jumped into a pool and nearly drowned. The one friend who was always there for me, who I thought I knew, left me without a goodbye. Thinking that a light year was a measurement of time, until I had a physics class.I though Pearl Harbor was just a movie, until we were learning about World War 2 in humanities. With asking these questions, to be certain in the world we live in today might be a challenge. Knowing a friend would require a bond, which is created through experiences with each other, a perception of the feelings of that friend and thoughts that run in a deeper level. One might think he/she knows someone very well, because of a long-term close relationship or similar interests or tastes.However no one other t han himself or herself would understand their own way of thinking, the workings of their own mind, it is impossible to know why certain actions are performed by someone else. Only glimpses and insights may be picked up of the complexities of the mysterious mind and personality of oneself. My best friend dislikes exposing her legs, because she doesn’t feel confident enough to show them.This seems like a reasonable excuse, if she is uncomfortable with her body, it would be her choice to expose it or not, however deeper psychological factors are involved and countless other reasons which I would not be able to think of nor comprehend. The knowledge of another person would be mainly created out of language, perception and emotion. A knower’s perception of a friend’s action would be affected by emotions; hence the knowledge of a friend will be affected too.A perception of a friend may be altered when the emotions of a friend affects their actions in certain situation s. Language has complexities too, language can make an attempt at describing feelings, however this doesn’t provide a complete understanding of one and another. The best way to communicate feelings would be to let one experience another’s events and create their own feelings; an example would be the expression â€Å"you can’t possibly imagine what I have been through†, â€Å"Imagine yourself in some one else’s shoes†.Considering the history of one, would affect their ways of acting upon situations, all humans think and act differently according to personalities, which have been shaped by all sorts of experiences in their own past. Swimming is an action which requires a structured breathing pattern and a well timed combination of limb motions, allowing you to travel through water, the important key words here that I found through my observations are that knowing â€Å"how† is not the same as knowing â€Å"of† nor is it close to knowing â€Å"that†.Knowing how to swim is quite similar to knowing a friend. Because one cannot possibly learn how to swim by reading instructions, someone could read all the documents and articles available on how to swim, and jump into a pool and drown. For example at one particular time I developed liking in ‘parkour’ I watched all the youtube videos that I could find on ‘how to parkour, read many articles and tips and tricks. So one day I felt I gained enough knowledge about this acrobatic sport and decided to try it out. And what I learnt was that I could not even jump over a simple bench.I am able to read and apply concepts that I have gained through reading, however in this case I was not able to apply the information fast enough of â€Å"how† to parkour. Even though I had a sophisticated amount of knowledge on how to parkour, I was unable to convert this knowledge and understanding into reality. According to my research these two actions swi mming and parkouring require ‘bodily-kinesthetic intelligence’ which is the ability to control to control the movements of a body and skillfully interact with a variety of objects.Scientific theories have been made through observations of the world, creativity and of course imagination. They can be known through reason, language and perception. A scientist can propose a theory purely upon perception and reasoning and justify this theory with evidence that shows how this particular phenomenon follows the predicted theory. For example in chemistry we did a set of experiments on how different metals when heated in a flame would give out a color. A hypothesis was provided and from that I knew that the flames indeed would change color.I know for a fact that when Copper Chloride is heated it will give out a green color, I saw this through my own eyes and as the experiment was repeated several times with the same results. Seeing out of my own eyes is proof. Through being taugh t by my teacher means I am relying on a higher authority’s knowledge. Also the lack of a language can prove a theory, for example every one dies, this is a fact because by using deductive reasoning there is no one here to tell us otherwise.The problem with knowing a historical period is that it is in the past and we are in the present, the knowledge of a historical period is transferred from the past into the present through language and documentation. If we have not been informed about these periods, the present day people would never had known it existed. The knowing of a historical period is based upon accepting certain events through evidence from the past. It is unfortunate that historians cannot directly â€Å"test† the past whereas a scientific theory and swimming can be tested.This suggests that testing is thus an important factor in determining the nature of knowledge. The claim of knowing a historical period can be justified by looking at pictures or a docume ntary, technology over the years has improved significantly the knowledge we know today about the past. Unlike a scientific theory here we can rely on perception, observation and interpretations. To know a historical period we must have either been there or rely on a higher authority to inform us. I however ponder on the possibility of the authority being fooled by perception.This is where logic and reasoning comes in to decide whether or not something has happened. If something hadn’t happened, then why can we see evidence of the consequences, for example when I visited Cambodia the Angkor Wat temples I saw evidence of historical artifacts of the monks, and until the present monks still live among there. With this I can deduce that these temples must have come from somewhere, and it is definitely a sacred place. With this we are knowing â€Å"that† something happened instead of knowing â€Å"of† a friend.By identifying and considering the four concepts that wer e provided we can conclude that the main difference in the nature of the four knowledge claims are the way you know them; knowing â€Å"how to† and knowing â€Å"that something is† are completely different. A knower will never be able to know a friend than himself or herself, exact feelings and emotions cannot be communicated directly and as detailed through perception and language. Swimming can only be learnt through perception, this ability is not able to be transferred linguistically, but must be learnt first hand through training.A historical period in time can be known by a person who has lived through that time and has transferred the knowledge gained through linguistical means, however the knowledge could be misleading due to perception or the facts of the period are incomplete providing only one side of the story. A scientific theory may be discovered and proven through various tests and observations via perceptions and reason. However communication of this par ticular theory via language does not have the same effect as the perception of it.Emotions can affect perception language cannot transfer precise meanings and assumptions to generalize from specific points can be found through inception. Due to these ways of knowing being limited, complete knowledge is unable to be attained. Different claims requiring different ways of knowing to justify them, they have all have one thing in common; their nature: they are based on premises that we accept in every day life as being ‘true’ and therefore deduct that based on these premises, they are equally true. We know something as far as we are willing to accept it into our world.

The Impact of Workplace Bullying Free Essay Example, 500 words

The Impact of Workplace Bullying The Impact of workplace Bullying Workplace bullying can be defined in different ways since thereis no specific single conclusive definition. However, it can be expressed as persistent, abusive, offensive, intimidating behavior or abuse of power that makes the recipient feel vulnerable, humiliated or threatened and ends up reducing their self-confidence and may even result to stress (Caponecchia and Wyatt, 2011). Workplace bullying can result in different impacts on both an individual and the organization. This paper looks at these impacts and what the management should do in order to mitigate these impacts. The consequences of workplace bullying can impact significantly on both involved individual and the organization. An individual can be impacted in three major ways (Geldenhuys et al, 2014). These three ways are a person’s psychological wellbeing, performance at work, and physical health. Signs of psychological wellbeing consequences are suc h as an employee suffering lower self-esteem, anxiety, depression and reduced motivation (Oade, 2009). Most occasions an individual is inactive and does not seem to realize what is going on around him or her. Individuals can endure sleeping an eating disorders and stress related disorders which can affect their physical health. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Workplace Bullying or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now They may thus suffer from complications such as obesity or other cardio-vascular complications. Work related performance includes low work morale, intentions to leave the job, decreased performance and damaged reputation (Geldenhuys et al, 2014). Workplace bullying can also impact the organizations productivity through decreases in performance by affected employees, increased violence at workplace, hostile work environment that is characterized employees lacking trust in others, poor group communication, anger and suspicion, increased absenteeism cases, high employee turnover and this affects the quality of services and products, employees losing trust with the organization, high recruiting costs and increased medical costs (Geldenhuys et al, 2014). Practical workplace bullying can be witnessed in many different ways. An example is when a new supervisor was brought into an organization and because of his qualifications and employment terms, it was a greed that the supervisor will be earning more than some of the senior management staff who have been there before him. This caused hatred to develop between the supervisor and his colleagues in the senior management. They never coordinated with him and went to the extent of purposely withholding vital information from this supervisor thus making it hard for him to undertake his duties. They went as far as blaming him for things that he never did and this led him to resign. The management can adopt different techniques in order to provide a positive impact on workplace bullying. First the management needs to secure the commitment and involvement of the organization by attaining support from top management and the cooperation and participation of the employees. According to Caponecchia and Wyatt (2011) the management should ensure a workplace environment of zero tolerance to bullying by developing effective bullying policies and procedure that all employees should follow. The polic ies should clearly express what bullying is and the consequences of such behavior (Caponecchia and Wyatt, 2011). Another technique that the management can adopt in order to reduce workplace bullying is to raise awareness and provide training on issues dealing with bullying (Oade, 2009). The management should organize workshops where they can enlighten their employees on the importance of cohesiveness and good relationship with others in the workplace (Oade, 2009). In doing this, the management will ensure a positive work culture where employee correlates well with one another. In conclusion, workplace bullying can have adverse impacts on an organization if it is not identified and stopped early. For the organization to be productive, the management should ensure workplace do no encourage bullying. Organizations should instead create friendly working environment that discourages occurrence of bullying to all the employees. References Oade, A. (2009). Managing workplace bullying: How to identify, respond to and manage bullying behavior in the workplace. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Caponecchia, C., & Wyatt, A. (2011). Preventing workplace bullying: An evidence-based guide to preventing workplace bullying for managers and employees. Crows Nest, N.S. W: Allen & Unwin. Geldenhuys M, Leo L, Reid R, & Gobind J. (2014) The Inferences of Gender in Workplace Bullying: a Conceptual Analysis Ife Centre for Psychological Studies/Services, Ile-Ife, Nigeria